Common Diseases and Preventive Measures of Potato

1. Common diseases of potatoes

1.1 Causes of common diseases of potatoes

The diseases of potatoes in different growth periods are caused by different reasons, which are mainly divided into seeds carrying diseases in the selection period, diseases in the soil environment, and disease during the growth process. At present, there are more than 300 kinds of pests and pathogens found in potato varieties, and the common ones are as follows: 1) Diseases caused by fungi which are divided into two types: early blight and late blight. 2) Diseases caused by viruses, which mainly including mosaic virus disease, necrosis virus disease, leafroll virus disease. 3) Diseases caused by bacteria, mainly including bacterial wilt and black stem disease, etc. 4) Diseases caused by pests, mainly aphids, which devour the stems and leaves of potatoes.

1.2 Diseases of potatoes in different periods

1.2.1 Diseases during seed selection

Different potato varieties have different resistance to different diseases, so it is very important to select varieties for the diseases to be resisted, such as potato varieties specially designed to prevent late blight disease and leafroll virus disease. At the same time, some potato varieties have the problem of fast growth but poor disease resistance, so comprehensive evaluation should be done when selecting seeds.

1.2.2 Diseases in the soil environment

The quality of the planting environment has an important impact on the growth and disease resistance of potatoes. The high incidence period of early blight is before and after the rainy season of early stage. In spring, when everything recovers and the temperature rises, attention should be paid to the damage of aphids and viruses to potatoes. In short, areas with a humid climate are prone to breed bacteria and produce viruses. At this time, it is more difficult to control the outbreak of insect pests. Therefore, protective measures must be taken at this stage.

1.2.3 Diseases during growth

In the early stage of potato growth, that is, the budding stage, it is mainly the control of aphids and viruses. In the tuber stage, late blight is the most typical disease. At the same time, along with other viruses, these viruses become obstacles to the growth of potatoes before potato mature. How to effectively control them becomes an important part.

2. Effective preventive measures of potato diseases

2.1 Adjust planting methods and select excellent varieties

Potato planting does not require much land, but it is still necessary to treat the soil before planting potatoes to make the soil in the best condition. At the same time, try to avoid the same piece of land for continuous planting of potatoes for more than two years, so as to improve the disease resistance of the land. . When picking varieties, do not plant the same variety for two consecutive years.

2.2 Disinfect seeds before planting

Potatoes, as one of the plants that reproduce asexually, which reproduce asexually with the tubers of potatoes. The bacteria carried in the tubers can cause the potatoes to infect the bacteria, which directly affects the growth rate and survival rate of potatoes, so the treatment of the tubers is very important. In addition to the careful selection of seeds, the treatment of seeds is also important. Disinfect the selected seeds before planting is mainly to dry the seeds and soak them in medicinal water, such as soaking and disinfection with chitosan and other seed dressings, which can prevent some germs and pests and effectively control potato diseases and insect pests.

2.3 Effective management of potatoes during planting

The planting environment is very important to the healthy growth of potatoes, and the cleaning of the planting environment is mainly to deal with weeds and waste in the field. Second, control pests and weeds by applying mulch film. In addition, in the late stage of potato planting, it is easy to breed pests and bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to timely supplement the nutrients required for potato growth in the later stage. For pests that need pesticide treatment, timely pesticide treatment can improve potato disease resistance.